Ford 2011 Annual Report Download - page 167

Notes to the Financial Statements
Ford Motor Company | 2011 Annual Report 165
NOTE 25. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to global market risks, including the effect of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates, certain commodity prices, and interest rates. To manage these risks, we enter into
various derivatives contracts:
• Foreign currency exchange contracts, including forwards and options, that are used to manage foreign exchange
exposure;
• Commodity contracts, including forwards and options, that are used to manage commodity price risk;
• Interest rate contracts including swaps, caps, and floors that are used to manage the effects of interest rate
fluctuations; and
• Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts that are used to manage foreign currency and interest rate exposures
on foreign-denominated debt.
Our derivatives are over-the-counter customized derivative transactions and are not exchange-traded. We review our
hedging program, derivative positions, and overall risk management strategy on a regular basis.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting. All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at fair
value. We do not net our derivative position by counterparty for purposes of balance sheet presentation and disclosure.
We do, however, consider our net position for determining fair value.
We have elected to apply hedge accounting to certain derivatives. Derivatives that are designated in hedging
relationships are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at the time they are designated and throughout the
hedge period. Cash flows and the profit impact associated with designated hedges are reported in the same category as
the underlying hedged item.
Some derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting; for others, we elect not to apply hedge accounting.
Regardless, we only enter into transactions that we believe will be highly effective at offsetting the underlying economic
risk. We report changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments through Automotive cost of
sales, Automotive interest income and other non-operating income/(expense), net, or Financial Services other income/
(loss), net depending on the sector and underlying exposure. Cash flows associated with non-designated or de-
designated derivatives are reported in Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities in our statements of cash flows.
Cash Flow Hedges. Our Automotive sector has designated certain forward contracts as cash flow hedges of
forecasted transactions with exposure to foreign currency exchange risk.
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive
income/(loss) and is recognized in Automotive cost of sales when the hedged item affects earnings. The ineffective
portion is reported in Automotive cost of sales. Our policy is to de-designate cash flow hedges prior to the time forecasted
transactions are recognized as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and report subsequent changes in fair value
through Automotive cost of sales. If it becomes probable that the originally-forecasted transaction will not occur, the
related amount also is reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and recognized in earnings.
Our cash flow hedges mature in two years or less.
Fair Value Hedges. Our Financial Services sector uses derivatives to reduce the risk of changes in the fair value of
liabilities. We have designated certain receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of fixed-rate debt.
The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark
interest rate. If the hedge relationship is deemed to be highly effective, we record the changes in the fair value of the
hedged debt related to the risk being hedged in Financial Services debt with the offset in Financial Services other income/
(loss), net. The change in fair value of the related derivative (excluding accrued interest) also is recorded in Financial
Services other income/(loss), net. Hedge ineffectiveness, recorded directly in earnings, is the difference between the
change in fair value of the derivative and the change in the value of the hedged debt that is attributable to the changes in
the benchmark interest rate.