Siemens 2013 Annual Report Download - page 213

253 D. Consolidated Financial Statements
357 E. Additional Information
245 C. Compensation Report, Corporate Governance
statement pursuant to Section a of the
German Commercial Code, Takeover-relevant
information and explanatory report
246 C. Siemens AG ( Discussion on basis of
German Commercial Code)
250 C. Notes and forward-looking statements

R&D expenses and intensity for the Sectors in fiscal , 
and  were as follows:
R&D expenses
(in millions of €) FY  FY  FY 
Energy 872 868 782
Healthcare 1,230 1,314 1,173
Industry 1,265 1,192 1,103
Infrastructure & Cities 731 699 696
R&D intensity
FY  FY  FY 
Energy 3.3% 3.1% 3.1%
Healthcare 9.0% 9.6% 9.4%
Industry 6.8% 6.1% 5.9%
Infrastructure & Cities 4.1% 4.0% 4.1%
CT incurred additional R&D expenses.
R&D indicators
(in thousands) FY  FY 
Employees  29.8 29.5
Inventions  8.4 8.8
Patent first filings 4.0 4.6
1 Continuing operations.
2 Average number of employees in fiscal year.
3 Number of inventions reported by the Business Units in an internal report.
4 First filings as part of inventions submitted to patent offices.
In our continuing operations, we had an average of approxi-
mately , R&D employees in Germany and approximately
, employees in approximately  other countries during
fiscal , including, among others, the U.S., China, Austria,
and India.
As of September , , Siemens held approximately ,
granted patents worldwide in its continuing operations. As of
September , , it held approximately , granted pat-
ents. In terms of the number of published patent applications
in calendar year , Siemens ranked third in Germany and
second in Europe. Siemens was also ranked eleventh in the
statistics for patents issued in the U.S. in calendar year .
Rank in patent office statistics
  
Germany – German Patent
and Trade Mark Office (DPMA) 333
Europe – European Patent Office (EPO) 211
U.S. – United States Patent
and Trademark Office (US PTO) 11 10 9
C... RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
IN THE SECTORS
Our R&D activities in the Energy Sector are focused on devel-
oping methods for the efficient generation and transmission
of electrical energy, including
> technologies for low-loss electricity transmission,
> advanced gas turbines that increase the efficiency and
reduce emissions of power plants,
> combined cycle power plants, to increase the availability
of electricity through higher flexibility,
> wind turbine innovations,
> technologies that extract the greenhouse gas carbon
dioxide from the flue gas that occurs during fossil fuel-fired
power generation (carbon capture and storage), and
> a subsea power grid to make deep-sea oil and gas extraction
more profitable.
Examples of research and development in Energy include Type
B rotor blades for wind turbines, which are  meters in
length; this makes them, to our knowledge, the longest rotor
blades in operation in the world as of the date of this report. At
 tons, the B is also a “lightweight,” as it is % to % light-
er than comparable rotor blades. Heavy rotor blades are sub-
jected to higher stress loads and also require more massive
nacelles, towers, and foundations. The combination of intelli-
gent design and low weight therefore has a positive effect on
the cost of wind power production.
In , a combined-cycle power-generation island built by
Siemens in Irsching, Germany, demonstrated an unprecedented
R&D intensity
Research and
development expenses (in billions of €)
Research and
development
intensity 
FY 2013 4.291 5.7%
FY 2012 4.245 5.5%
FY 2011 3.903 5.4%
1 R&D intensity is defined as the ratio of R&D expenses and revenue.